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101.
为观察姬松茸水溶性粗多糖对镉中毒小鼠血液系统的影响,将60只SPF级雄性健康小白鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、试验组1、试验组2和试验组3共5组,模型组与3个试验组采用同一水平镉染毒,但同时对3个试验组给予不同剂量的姬松茸水溶性粗多糖溶液进行保护,试验日程为5周,试验结束时对各组小鼠采血,检测各项血液指标。结果显示,模型组小鼠的血液指标红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)、血细胞比容(HCT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均红细胞血色素浓度(MCHC)显著低于对照组的相应指标;与模型组相比,给予高剂量姬松茸水溶性粗多糖的试验组3的血液指标RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC均显著提高,而白细胞数(WBC)、小型白细胞数(Lym)和中型白细胞数(Mid)则显著下降。证实,重金属镉能够损伤小鼠的血液系统,但高剂量姬松茸水溶性粗多糖对镉的损伤具有防止作用。 相似文献
102.
Using a large‐scale data set that included first lactation test day records from 1975 to 2000 for Japanese Holsteins, genetic parameters for milk yield were estimated by using random regression (RR) test‐day models (TDM) with heterogeneous and homogeneous residual variances. It is necessary for the RR‐TDM to include a function that explains the shape of the lactation curve. The RR‐TDM with the LW curve, which combined Wilmink's curve and a Legendre polynomial, was used for fitting the model for milk yield. In recent years, increases in residual variance have been noted for Japanese dairy cattle. Thus, three kinds of heterogeneous residual variance over the calving year were considered: H1, H2 and HG. Linear and quadratic exponential functions for the calving year were used in H1 and H2, respectively. Residual variance of HG was divided into five groups according to calving year. Homogeneous residual variance was HO. All heterogeneous residual variances increased with calving year in an almost linear fashion. Residual variance increased over the study period. However, there is no need to consider heterogeneous residual variances in genetic evaluations, because the heterogeneity of residual variance over the years did not affect the ranking of top sires and cows. 相似文献
103.
通过水培试验,研究了0、1、8、16 mmol·L-1 4个供氮水平下香根草叶片净光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶类活性和MDA、脯氨酸含量的变化。结果表明,随着氮浓度的增加,香根草叶片Pn、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII电子传递量子产率(ФPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性先升高后降低,8 mmol·L-1氮浓度时达最大,16 mmol·L-1氮浓度时最小,而1 mmol·L-1与8 mmol·L-1氮浓度时相比差异不显著;随着氮浓度的增加,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量则先下降后升高;游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量上升。这些结果说明香根草叶片在低氮情况下能保持较高的Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ、qP和抗氧化酶活性。 相似文献
104.
105.
鹅黑素皮质素受体-4基因的克隆与序列分析 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
黑素皮质素受体-4(Melanocortin receptor-4,MC4R)是其黑素皮质素受体MCR(MC1-5R)家族成员之一,属G蛋白偶联受体。它可与瘦蛋白、神经肽、α-黑素细胞刺激素等一起调节动物体重和采食量。参考鸡MC4R基因序列设计引物,克隆并测序了鹅MC4R基因。结果表明,鹅MC4R基因编码区全长996 bp,其核苷酸序列与鸡的同源性为95.3%,与人、牛、猪等哺乳动物同源性在75%-79%;其氨基酸序列与鸡的同源性达到98.5%。构建哺乳类、鸟类和鱼类MC4R基因核苷酸进化树显示,鹅较早地与哺乳类动物分化开来。分析MC4R蛋白的氨基酸残基特性参数表明,MC4R的7次跨膜结构与MC4R的亲水性区域、电荷密度以及氨基酸残基位于表面概率的变化规律相一致。 相似文献
106.
107.
Land-cover and structural changes in a western Norwegian cultural landscape since 1865, based on an old cadastral map and a field survey 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
Liv Norunn Hamre Stein Tage Domaas Ingvild Austad Knut Rydgren 《Landscape Ecology》2007,22(10):1563-1574
Many studies of land-cover and structural changes in cultural landscapes have used historical maps as a source for information
about past land-cover. All transformations of historical maps onto modern coordinate systems are however burdened with difficulties
when it comes to accuracy. We show that a detailed land survey of the present landscape may enable transformation of an old
cadastral map directly onto the present terrain with very high accuracy. The detailed resulting map enabled us to locate remnants
of semi-natural grasslands and man-made structures with continuity from 1865 and to test hypotheses about relationships between
landscape changes and landscape characteristics. The main land-cover change 1865–2002 was decrease of arable fields, and addition
of three new land-cover classes: horticultural, orchard and abandoned areas. Of the 330 man-made structures present in 1865,
only 58 remained in 2002, while 63 new structures had been built after 1865. We found that semi-natural grasslands with continuity
since 1865 were situated on ground with significantly lower production capacity than mean 1865 production capacity. The man-made
structures with continuity since 1865 were also associated with areas with significantly lower production capacity than the
1865 mean, situated in significantly steeper terrain but not further from the hamlet. Our study illustrates the potential
of digitised and accurately transformed historical cadastral maps combined with detailed field surveys for analysis of land-cover
and structural changes in the cultural landscape. 相似文献
108.
Neutral models for testing landscape hypotheses 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Neutral landscape models were originally developed to test the hypothesis that human-induced fragmentation produces patterns
distinctly different from those associated with random processes. Other uses for neutral models have become apparent, including
the development and testing of landscape metrics to characterize landscape pattern. Although metric development proved to
be significant, the focus on metrics obscured the need for iterative hypothesis testing fundamental to the advancement of
the discipline. We present here an example of an alternative neutral model and hypothesis designed to relate the process of
landscape change to observed landscape patterns. The methods and program, QRULE, are described and options for statistical
testing outlined. The results show that human fragmentation of landscapes results in a non-random association of land-cover
types that can be describe by simple statistical methods. Options for additional landscape studies are discussed and access
to QRULE described in the hope that these methods will be employed to advance our understanding of the processes that affect
the structure and function in human dominated landscapes. 相似文献
109.
110.
塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地纵向沙垅表面沙物质粒度特征 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
本文对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地纵向沙垅表面沙粒、丘间地沙粒进行了粒度分析。结果表明,沙垅以极细沙为主,平均粒径3.06Φ,沙粒从沙垅迎风侧到背风侧逐渐变细。沙丘沙比丘间地沙分选好,沙垅背风侧比迎风侧分选好。沙粒属极负偏,偏度-0.22,丘间地沙比沙丘沙更趋向负偏。峰度1.38,属尖峰态。粒径与偏度和峰度成正相关,分选和偏度成良好负相关。沙丘沙以单峰态为主,累积频率曲线为2~3段式,丘间地以双峰态为主,累积频率曲线为3~4段。大尺度地形对沙粒段式没有影响,对各段组分含量相对大小有影响。 相似文献